Math
FrontierMath Leaderboard
FrontierMath is a benchmark of exceptionally hard, original research-level mathematics problems created with professional mathematicians. Even the strongest models solve only a small fraction, making it a frontier measure of genuine mathematical ability.
Source: epoch12 open models ranked+89 proprietaryData through May 2026
All models ranked on FrontierMath
Proprietary / closed models are shown dimmed — you can't run them locally, but they show where the open field stands.
| # | Model | Score |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | GPT 5.5 Pro Pre Release (high) · proprietary | 52.4% |
| 2 | GPT 5.5 Pre Release (xhigh) · proprietary | 51.7% |
| 3 | GPT 5.5 Pro Pre Release (xhigh) · proprietary | 51.0% |
| 4 | GPT 5.4 Pro (Mar 05, 2026, xhigh) · proprietary | 50.0% |
| 5 | GPT 5.4 (Mar 05, 2026, xhigh) · proprietary | 47.6% |
| 6 | Claude Opus 4.8 Max · proprietary | 47.2% |
| 7 | Claude Opus 4.7 (xhigh) · proprietary | 43.8% |
| 8 | Claude Opus 4.6 Max · proprietary | 40.7% |
| 9 | GPT 5.2 (Dec 11, 2025, xhigh) · proprietary | 40.7% |
| 10 | GPT 5.2 (Dec 11, 2025, high) · proprietary | 40.3% |
| 11 | Claude Opus 4.6 (32K) · proprietary | 40.0% |
| 12 | Claude Opus 4.6 (64K) · proprietary | 39.7% |
| 13 | Muse Spark · proprietary | 39.0% |
| 14 | Gemini 3.5 Flash (high) · proprietary | 39.0% |
| 15 | Kimi K2.6 · 1058.6B | 39.0% |
| 16 | Claude Opus 4.6 · proprietary | 38.3% |
| 17 | Gemini 3 Pro Preview · proprietary | 37.6% |
| 18 | Gemini 3.1 Pro Preview · proprietary | 36.9% |
| 19 | GPT 5.2 (Dec 11, 2025, medium) · proprietary | 36.9% |
| 20 | Gemini 3 Flash Preview · proprietary | 35.6% |
| 21 | GLM 5.1 · 753.9B | 33.5% |
| 22 | GPT 5 (Aug 07, 2025, high) · proprietary | 32.4% |
| 23 | Claude Sonnet 4.6 (16K) · proprietary | 32.4% |
| 24 | GPT 5.1 (Nov 13, 2025, high) · proprietary | 31.0% |
| 25 | Gemini 2.5 Deep Think Webapp (Aug 01, 2025) · proprietary | 29.0% |
| 26 | GPT 5.4 Mini (Mar 17, 2026, high) · proprietary | 28.3% |
| 27 | Kimi K2.5 · 1058.6B | 27.9% |
| 28 | GPT 5 (Aug 07, 2025, medium) · proprietary | 27.2% |
| 29 | GPT 5 Mini (Aug 07, 2025, high) · proprietary | 27.2% |
| 30 | GPT 5.1 (Nov 13, 2025, medium) · proprietary | 26.9% |
| 31 | GPT 5.2 (Dec 11, 2025, low) · proprietary | 26.6% |
| 32 | Qwen3.6 Plus · proprietary | 26.2% |
| 33 | GPT 5.4 Nano (Mar 17, 2026, high) · proprietary | 25.9% |
| 34 | O4 Mini (Apr 16, 2025, high) · proprietary | 24.8% |
| 35 | Qwen3.6 Max Preview · proprietary | 23.1% |
| 36 | DeepSeek V3.2 · 685.4B | 22.1% |
| 37 | Kimi K2 Thinking · 1058.1B | 21.4% |
| 38 | Qwen3.5 Plus · proprietary | 21.0% |
| 39 | Claude Opus 4.5 (Nov 01, 2025, 32K) · proprietary | 20.7% |
| 40 | Claude Opus 4.5 (Nov 01, 2025) · proprietary | 20.7% |
| 41 | Claude Opus 4.5 (Nov 01, 2025, 16K) · proprietary | 20.3% |
| 42 | GPT 5 Mini (Aug 07, 2025, medium) · proprietary | 20.3% |
| 43 | Grok 4 (Jul 09) · proprietary | 19.7% |
| 44 | O4 Mini (Apr 16, 2025, medium) · proprietary | 19.0% |
| 45 | O3 (Apr 16, 2025, high) · proprietary | 18.7% |
| 46 | GPT 5.1 (Nov 13, 2025, low) · proprietary | 17.3% |
| 47 | O3 (Apr 16, 2025, medium) · proprietary | 16.9% |
| 48 | GLM 5 · 753.9B | 16.4% |
| 49 | Claude Sonnet 4.5 (Sep 29, 2025, 32K) · proprietary | 15.2% |
| 50 | Gemini 2.5 Pro · proprietary | 14.1% |
| 51 | Claude Sonnet 4.5 (Sep 29, 2025, 59K) · proprietary | 13.5% |
| 52 | O3 Mini (Jan 31, 2025, high) · proprietary | 12.4% |
| 53 | O4 Mini (Apr 16, 2025, low) · proprietary | 10.7% |
| 54 | Gemini 2.5 Pro Preview (Jun 05) · proprietary | 10.3% |
| 55 | Qwen3.6 Flash · proprietary | 10.3% |
| 56 | O3 (Apr 16, 2025, low) · proprietary | 9.7% |
| 57 | Claude Sonnet 4.5 (Sep 29, 2025) · proprietary | 9.3% |
| 58 | O1 (Dec 17, 2024, high) · proprietary | 9.3% |
| 59 | Qwen3 235B A22B Thinking 2507 · 235.1B | 8.5% |
| 60 | GPT 5 Nano (Aug 07, 2025, high) · proprietary | 8.3% |
| 61 | O3 Mini (Jan 31, 2025, medium) · proprietary | 8.1% |
| 62 | Claude Opus 4.1 (Aug 05, 2025, 27K) · proprietary | 7.2% |
| 63 | GPT 5 Nano (Aug 07, 2025, medium) · proprietary | 7.2% |
| 64 | Qwen3.5 Flash · proprietary | 6.2% |
| 65 | Claude Haiku 4.5 (Oct 01, 2025, 32K) · proprietary | 5.9% |
| 66 | Claude Opus 4.1 (Aug 05, 2025) · proprietary | 5.9% |
| 67 | Grok 3 Mini Beta (high) · proprietary | 5.9% |
| 68 | GPT 4.1 (Apr 14, 2025) · proprietary | 5.5% |
| 69 | Gemini 2.5 Flash · proprietary | 4.8% |
| 70 | Claude Opus 4 (May 14, 2025) · proprietary | 4.5% |
| 71 | GPT 4.1 Mini (Apr 14, 2025) · proprietary | 4.5% |
| 72 | Claude 3.7 Sonnet (Feb 19, 2025, 16K) · proprietary | 4.1% |
| 73 | Claude Haiku 4.5 (Oct 01, 2025) · proprietary | 4.1% |
| 74 | Claude Opus 4 (May 14, 2025, 27K) · proprietary | 4.1% |
| 75 | Claude Sonnet 4 (May 14, 2025) · proprietary | 4.1% |
| 76 | GLM 4.6 · 356.8B | 3.8% |
| 77 | Grok 3 Beta · proprietary | 3.8% |
| 78 | Claude 3.7 Sonnet (Feb 19, 2025, 32K) · proprietary | 3.5% |
| 79 | Claude 3.7 Sonnet (Feb 19, 2025, 64K) · proprietary | 3.1% |
| 80 | Claude 3.7 Sonnet (Feb 19, 2025) · proprietary | 3.1% |
| 81 | Grok 3 Mini Beta (low) · proprietary | 2.8% |
| 82 | GLM 4.7 · 358.3B | 2.4% |
| 83 | GPT 5.1 2025 11.13 None · proprietary | 2.1% |
| 84 | Claude 3.5 Sonnet (Oct 22, 2024) · proprietary | 2.1% |
| 85 | DeepSeek v3 · 684.5B | 1.7% |
| 86 | Gemini 2.0 Flash 001 · proprietary | 1.7% |
| 87 | O1 Mini (Sep 12, 2024, medium) · proprietary | 1.7% |
| 88 | Qwen Plus (Apr 28, 2025) · proprietary | 1.7% |
| 89 | O1 Mini (Sep 12, 2024, high) · proprietary | 1.4% |
| 90 | Claude 3.5 Sonnet (Jun 20, 2024) · proprietary | 1.0% |
| 91 | GPT 4.1 Nano (Apr 14, 2025) · proprietary | 1.0% |
| 92 | Qwen Max (Jan 25, 2025) · proprietary | 1.0% |
| 93 | Grok 2 (Dec 12) · proprietary | 0.7% |
| 94 | Llama 4 Maverick 17B 128E Instruct · 401.6B | 0.7% |
| 95 | Mistral Medium 2505 · proprietary | 0.4% |
| 96 | Claude 3.5 Haiku (Oct 22, 2024) · proprietary | 0.3% |
| 97 | GPT 4o (Aug 06, 2024) · proprietary | 0.3% |
| 98 | GPT 4o (Nov 20, 2024) · proprietary | 0.3% |
| 99 | Mistral Large 2411 · proprietary | 0.3% |
| 100 | Gemini 1.5 Flash 002 · proprietary | 0.0% |
| 101 | Llama 4 Scout 17B 16E Instruct · 108.6B | 0.0% |
Score vs model size
Which models give the most quality for their size — the ones worth running locally.
- Llama 4 Scout 17B 16E Instruct, 109B, score 0.0% — on the efficiency frontier (best score at its size or smaller).
- Qwen3 235B A22B Thinking 2507, 235B, score 8.5% — on the efficiency frontier (best score at its size or smaller).
- DeepSeek V3.2, 685B, score 22.1% — on the efficiency frontier (best score at its size or smaller).
- GLM 5.1, 754B, score 33.5% — on the efficiency frontier (best score at its size or smaller).
- Kimi K2.6, 1.1T, score 39.0% — on the efficiency frontier (best score at its size or smaller).
FrontierMath: frequently asked questions
- What is the best open LLM on FrontierMath?
- Kimi K2.6 is the top open model on FrontierMath, scoring 39.0%. Among all models tested — including proprietary ones — it ranks #14. The top model overall is GPT 5.5 Pro Pre Release (high) (OpenAI) at 52.4%.
- Can open models match proprietary models on FrontierMath?
- Not quite on FrontierMath: the strongest proprietary model (GPT 5.5 Pro Pre Release (high)) scores 52.4%, ahead of the best open model (Kimi K2.6) at 39.0% — but you can run the open one yourself.
Scores aggregated from epoch. llmrun does not run this benchmark — see the source for methodology, or the about benchmarks for what it measures.