Qwen2.5 72B Instruct — Hardware Requirements & GPU Compatibility
ChatFunctionsQwen2.5 72B Instruct is the flagship model of the Qwen 2.5 series from Alibaba Cloud, with 72.7 billion parameters. It is instruction-tuned for conversational use and excels across reasoning, coding, mathematics, and multilingual tasks. Qwen2.5 72B delivers performance competitive with leading open-weight 70B-class models while supporting a 128K token context window and structured output generation. The model uses a Transformer architecture with grouped-query attention and was pretrained on a diverse multilingual corpus of over 18 trillion tokens. Running it locally requires high-VRAM GPUs or multi-GPU setups, though quantized formats make it accessible on workstation-class hardware. Released under the Apache 2.0 license.
Doesn't fit a 24 GB GPU
Smallest consumer fit → Snapdragon X Elite Copilot+ PC · IQ2_XXS · 25.7 GB · ~4 tok/s
Macs from 32 GB (IQ2_S · ~12 tok/s)
Score 82.2#84 of 106 open#30 of 51 that fit ≤64 GBOther
Not set up for it?
Reference GPU · RTX 4090 24 GB
Estimates, ±20% · how we estimate
llmrun Composite Score →
82.2
- 90% range 77.8–86.5
- #84 of 106 open models
- #30 of 51 that fit ≤64 GB
Run Qwen2.5 72B Instruct
One recommended way. Every other method, OS and quant is in the step-by-step guide.Each way opens a step-by-step guide for your OS and quant.
Recommended
ollama run qwen2.5:72bQ4_K_M · needs ~49.3 GB · 16K context
Download: Qwen2.5-72B-Instruct-Q4_K_M.gguf47.42 GBbartowski
Ways to runOther ways
each opens step-by-stepRun in cloud
Your own private copy · Q4_K_M · 96 GB GPU
- The easiest way to try this model
- Running in a few minutes, easy setup
- Chat right here or connect any app
$5+ bonus for new users
Runs on A100 80GB (30 GB headroom) · Q4_K_M
- Generation speed
- ~30 tok/s
- generation speed
- Cost per 1M output tokens
- $10.62
- per 1M output tokens
How Much VRAM Does Qwen2.5 72B Instruct Need?
Select a quantization level; the listed hardware adheres to it.
| Quantization | VRAM | +32K | On RTX 4090 (reference) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 31.9 GB | 41.9 GB | 2-bit · K-quant — 2-bit quantization with K-quant improvements | Does not fit: needs 36.6 GB | |
| 32.8 GB | 42.9 GB | 3-bit small — 3-bit small quantization | Does not fit: needs 37.5 GB | |
| 36.4 GB | 46.5 GB | 3-bit medium — 3-bit medium quantization | Does not fit: needs 41.1 GB | |
| 37.3 GB | 47.4 GB | 4-bit · legacy — 4-bit legacy quantization | Does not fit: needs 42 GB | |
| 44.6 GB | 54.7 GB | 4-bit medium — 4-bit medium quantization — most popular sweet spot | Does not fit: needs 49.3 GB | |
| 52.8 GB | 62.8 GB | 5-bit medium — 5-bit medium quantization — good quality/size tradeoff | Does not fit: needs 57.5 GB | |
| 61.0 GB | 71 GB | 6-bit, very good — 6-bit quantization, very good quality | Does not fit: needs 65.7 GB | |
| 73.7 GB | 83.8 GB | 8-bit, near-lossless — 8-bit quantization, near-lossless | Does not fit: needs 78.4 GB |
Selected Q4_K_M
4-bit medium quantization49.3GBat 16K context
- Weights
- 43.6 GB
- KV cache
- 5.4 GB
- Overhead
- 0.3 GB
Doesn't fit RTX 4090 (reference) · needs 25.3 GB more
Or .
Which Hardware Can Run Qwen2.5 72B Instruct?
Q4_K_M · 44.6 GBQwen2.5 72B Instruct (Q4_K_M) requires 44.6 GB of VRAM to load the model weights. For comfortable inference with headroom for KV cache and system overhead, 58+ GB is recommended. Using the full 33K context window can add up to 10.1 GB, bringing total usage to 54.7 GB. No consumer GPU has enough memory. 52 devices with unified memory can run Qwen2.5 72B Instruct, including Mac Studio (M3 Ultra, 256GB), Mac Studio (M3 Ultra, 512GB), Mac Pro M2 Ultra (64 GB).
32–40 GB
Q4_K_M · best fit IQ2_M (30.2 GB)
1 GPU · 3 Mac classes · 2 device families
RTX 5090~46Simulate output on RTX 5090M5 Max36 GB~13Simulate output on Mac Studio M5 Max (36 GB)M532 GB~4Simulate output on MacBook Air 13" M5 (32 GB)Orin~5Simulate output on NVIDIA Jetson AGX Orin 32GBSnapdragon X Elite (X1E-80-100)~3Simulate output on Snapdragon X Elite Copilot+ PC64–80 GB
fits · 14.7 GB free · up to 32K ctx
3 Mac classes · 1 device family
M2 Ultra*64 GB~13Simulate output on Mac Pro M2 Ultra (64 GB)M5 Max64 GB~10Simulate output on Mac Studio M5 Max (64 GB)Orin~3Simulate output on NVIDIA Jetson AGX Orin 64GB
By VRAM tier · typical GPUs and Macs at Q4_K_M
How good is Qwen2.5 72B Instruct?
The llmrun Score merges 8 public benchmark boards into a single figure, where 100 represents the average for open models.
Score vs VRAM in the ≤64 GB tier
- Qwen2.5 72B Instruct
- Other models
- Best Score for its VRAM
#30 of 51 that fit ≤64 GB
Each dot is a model at the best quant that fits ≤64 GB. The line steps up to the best Score available at each amount of VRAM; a dot below it is beaten by a model that needs no more memory.
Full ≤64 GB ranking →Benchmarks
The 6 boards that weigh most in the llmrun Score, of 12 with a result for this model; badges show who ran the test.
- GPQA Diamond
Epoch AI · Sep 2024Independent
Independent49.1%
#56/100 open
- LMArena Text
LMArena · Oct 2026Arena
Arena1302.9
#107/188 open
- AIME 2024/2025
Epoch AI · Sep 2024Independent
Independent8.1%
#62/88 open
- MMLU-Pro
TIGER-LabIndependent
Independent71.6%
#35/146 open
- MATH Level 5
Epoch AI · Sep 2024Independent
Independent63.2%
#11/39 open
- MMLU
Epoch AI · Sep 2024Lab-reported
Lab-reported85.3%
#3/85 open
In the ≤64 GB class
51 models fit ≤64 GBSame Score, only models that fit ≤64 GB at their best quant: the ranking a ≤64 GB owner actually chooses from.
- #1
Qwen3.8 27BAlibaba
122.0
~56 tok/s · 17.9 GB
- #2
Qwen3.6 27BAlibaba
111.2
~56 tok/s · 17.9 GB
- #3
Qwen3.5 122B A10BAlibaba
109.4
~62 tok/s · 63.0 GB
- #4
Qwen3.6 35B A3BAlibaba
106.8
~91 tok/s · 22.0 GB
- #5
Gemma 4 31B ITGoogle
106.7
~48 tok/s · 21.7 GB
- #6
Gemma 4 26B A4B ITGoogle
105.8
~114 tok/s · 16.5 GB
Alternatives to Qwen2.5 72B Instruct
Qwen 2.5 family · 44 models →Official models with an llmrun Score, each answering one question; numbers are at the best quant that fits a 24 GB GPU.
Runner-up at this size
Llama 3.3 70B Instruct
Meta
- 2.2 lower Score
- 2 GB more VRAM
Score 80.0 · 51.3 GB
Other vendor
Mistral Medium 3.5 128B
Mistral AI
- 19.9 higher Score
- 33.5 GB more VRAM
Score 102.1 · 82.8 GB
Similar models
10| Model | Score | VRAM | tok/s | Why it is similar |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Qwen3.5 122B A10BAlibaba | 109.4 | 75.5 GB | —needs > 24 GB | similar score |
| GLM 4.5 AirZ.ai | 98.6 | 67.6 GB | —needs > 24 GB | similar score |
| GPT OSS 120BOpenAI | 97.5 | 70.8 GB | —needs > 24 GB | similar score |
| NVIDIA Nemotron 3 Super 120B A12B BF16NVIDIA | 95.8 | 74.7 GB | —needs > 24 GB | similar score |
| Phi 4Microsoft | 83.9 | 12.5 GB | ~69 | similar score |
| Mistral Large Instruct 2411Mistral AI | 82.5 | 79.8 GB | —needs > 24 GB | similar score |
| Llama 4 Scout 17B 16E InstructMeta | 82.1 | 77 GB | —needs > 24 GB | similar score |
| Mistral Large Instruct 2407Mistral AI | 81.7 | 86.4 GB | —needs > 24 GB | similar score |
| C4ai Command A 03 2025Cohere | 79.8 | 78.7 GB | —needs > 24 GB | similar score |
| Gemma 3 27B ITGoogle | 79.4 | 21.7 GB | ~36 | similar score |
Fine-tunes & variants(3)
Specifications
- Publisher
- Alibaba
- Family
- Qwen 2.5
- Parameters
- 72.7B
- Architecture
- Qwen2ForCausalLM
- Context Length
- 32,768 tokens
- Vocabulary Size
- 152,064
- Release Date
- 2024-09-16
- License
- Other
Frequently Asked Questions
How much VRAM does Qwen2.5 72B Instruct need?
Qwen2.5 72B Instruct requires 44.6 GB of VRAM at Q4_K_M, or 146.4 GB at BF16. Full 33K context adds up to 10.1 GB (54.7 GB total).
VRAM = Weights + KV Cache + Overhead
Weights = 72.7B × 4.8 bits ÷ 8 = 43.6 GB
KV Cache + Overhead ≈ 1 GB (at 2K context + ~0.3 GB framework)
Fit ratings and hardware model lists check this model with room for a 16K-token context, which needs a little more memory.
KV Cache + Overhead ≈ 11.1 GB (at full 33K context)
VRAM usage by quantization
Can NVIDIA GeForce RTX 4090 run Qwen2.5 72B Instruct?
Yes, at IQ2_S (23.7 GB) or lower. Higher quantizations like IQ2_M (25.5 GB) exceed the NVIDIA GeForce RTX 4090's 24 GB.
What's the best quantization for Qwen2.5 72B Instruct?
For Qwen2.5 72B Instruct, Q4_K_M (44.6 GB) offers the best balance of quality and VRAM usage. Q5_0 (46.4 GB) provides better quality if you have the VRAM. The smallest option is IQ2_XXS at 21.0 GB.
VRAM requirement by quantization
★ Recommended — best balance of quality and VRAM usage.
Can I run Qwen2.5 72B Instruct on a Mac?
Yes — Mac Studio M1 Max (32 GB) and 84 other Macs can run Qwen2.5 72B Instruct, the smallest at IQ2_S. Apple Silicon uses unified memory, so the model shares RAM with the system. At Q4_K_M you need at least 44.6 GB of usable unified memory (RAM minus macOS overhead), from Mac Pro M2 Ultra (64 GB).
Can I run Qwen2.5 72B Instruct locally?
Yes — Qwen2.5 72B Instruct can run locally on consumer hardware. Popular tools include Ollama, LM Studio, and llama.cpp.
How fast is Qwen2.5 72B Instruct?
At Q4_K_M, Qwen2.5 72B Instruct can reach ~108 tok/s on AMD Instinct MI350X. Speed depends mainly on GPU memory bandwidth. Real-world results typically within ±20%.
tok/s = (bandwidth GB/s ÷ model GB) × efficiency
Example: NVIDIA B200 → 8000 ÷ 44.6 × 0.65 = ~117 tok/s
Estimated speed at Q4_K_M (44.6 GB)
Real-world results typically within ±20%. Speed depends on batch size, quantization kernel, and software stack.
What's the download size of Qwen2.5 72B Instruct?
At Q4_K_M, the download is about 43.62 GB. The full-precision BF16 version is 145.41 GB. The smallest option (IQ2_XXS) is 19.99 GB.
Which GPUs can run Qwen2.5 72B Instruct?
No single consumer GPU has enough VRAM to run Qwen2.5 72B Instruct at Q4_K_M (44.6 GB). Multi-GPU or professional hardware is required.
Which devices can run Qwen2.5 72B Instruct?
52 devices with unified memory can run Qwen2.5 72B Instruct at Q4_K_M (44.6 GB), including ASUS Ascent GX10, Beelink GTR9 Pro (Ryzen AI Max+ 395, 128 GB), Framework Desktop (Ryzen AI Max+ 395, 128 GB), GMKtec EVO-X2 (Ryzen AI Max+ 395, 128 GB). Apple Silicon Macs use unified memory shared between CPU and GPU, making them well-suited for local LLM inference.