llmrun
AlibabaQwen 2.5Qwen2ForCausalLM

Qwen2.5 72B Instruct — Hardware Requirements & GPU Compatibility

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Qwen2.5 72B Instruct is the flagship model of the Qwen 2.5 series from Alibaba Cloud, with 72.7 billion parameters. It is instruction-tuned for conversational use and excels across reasoning, coding, mathematics, and multilingual tasks. Qwen2.5 72B delivers performance competitive with leading open-weight 70B-class models while supporting a 128K token context window and structured output generation. The model uses a Transformer architecture with grouped-query attention and was pretrained on a diverse multilingual corpus of over 18 trillion tokens. Running it locally requires high-VRAM GPUs or multi-GPU setups, though quantized formats make it accessible on workstation-class hardware. Released under the Apache 2.0 license.

72.7B params · dense33K contextOther185.7K downloads1.0K likes365.5K quant downloads
Based on Qwen2.5 72B

Doesn't fit a 24 GB GPU

Smallest consumer fit → Snapdragon X Elite Copilot+ PC · IQ2_XXS · 25.7 GB · ~4 tok/s

Macs from32 GB IQ2_S · ~12 tok/s

Score 82.2#84 of 106 open#30 of 51 that fit ≤64 GBOther

Not set up for it?

Reference GPU · RTX 4090 24 GB

Estimates, ±20% · how we estimate

Run Qwen2.5 72B Instruct

One recommended way. Every other method, OS and quant is in the step-by-step guide.Each way opens a step-by-step guide for your OS and quant.

Recommended

Ollama
one command · needs Ollama installed
$ollama run qwen2.5:72b

Q4_K_M · needs ~49.3 GB · 16K context

Download: Qwen2.5-72B-Instruct-Q4_K_M.gguf47.42 GBbartowski

install, OS, other quants

Ways to runOther ways

each opens step-by-step

Run in cloud

Your own private copy · Q4_K_M · 96 GB GPU

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How Much VRAM Does Qwen2.5 72B Instruct Need?

Select a quantization level; the listed hardware adheres to it.

QuantizationVRAM+32KOn RTX 4090 (reference)
31.9 GB41.9 GB2-bit · K-quant — 2-bit quantization with K-quant improvementsDoes not fit: needs 36.6 GB
32.8 GB42.9 GB3-bit small — 3-bit small quantizationDoes not fit: needs 37.5 GB
36.4 GB46.5 GB3-bit medium — 3-bit medium quantizationDoes not fit: needs 41.1 GB
37.3 GB47.4 GB4-bit · legacy — 4-bit legacy quantizationDoes not fit: needs 42 GB
44.6 GB54.7 GB4-bit medium — 4-bit medium quantization — most popular sweet spotDoes not fit: needs 49.3 GB
52.8 GB62.8 GB5-bit medium — 5-bit medium quantization — good quality/size tradeoffDoes not fit: needs 57.5 GB
61.0 GB71 GB6-bit, very good — 6-bit quantization, very good qualityDoes not fit: needs 65.7 GB
73.7 GB83.8 GB8-bit, near-lossless — 8-bit quantization, near-losslessDoes not fit: needs 78.4 GB
est.calculated, no published file yet

Selected Q4_K_M

4-bit medium quantization

49.3GBat 16K context

Weights
43.6 GB
KV cache
5.4 GB
Overhead
0.3 GB

Doesn't fit RTX 4090 (reference) · needs 25.3 GB more

≥10 tok/s needs ≥683 GB/s · M3 Ultra ~13, M2 Ultra ~13

Or .

Which Hardware Can Run Qwen2.5 72B Instruct?

Q4_K_M · 44.6 GB

Qwen2.5 72B Instruct (Q4_K_M) requires 44.6 GB of VRAM to load the model weights. For comfortable inference with headroom for KV cache and system overhead, 58+ GB is recommended. Using the full 33K context window can add up to 10.1 GB, bringing total usage to 54.7 GB. No consumer GPU has enough memory. 52 devices with unified memory can run Qwen2.5 72B Instruct, including Mac Studio (M3 Ultra, 256GB), Mac Studio (M3 Ultra, 512GB), Mac Pro M2 Ultra (64 GB).

By VRAM tier · typical GPUs and Macs at Q4_K_M
8–16 GB · RTX 4060, RTX 3060 12GB, RTX 5060 Ti 16GBDoesn't fit — smallest quant needs 25.7 GB8 GB tier →12 GB tier →16 GB tier →
24 GB · RTX 4090referenceDoesn't fit — smallest quant needs 25.7 GB24 GB tier →
Mac 32 GB · Mac Mini M4IQ2_S · 28.4 GB · ~4 tok/s · 16KMacs →
Mac 64 GB · Mac Studio M4 MaxQ4_K_M · 49.3 GB · ~9 tok/s · 32KMacs →

How good is Qwen2.5 72B Instruct?

The llmrun Score merges 8 public benchmark boards into a single figure, where 100 represents the average for open models.

Score vs VRAM in the ≤64 GB tier

  • Qwen2.5 72B Instruct
  • Other models
  • Best Score for its VRAM

#30 of 51 that fit ≤64 GB

Each dot is a model at the best quant that fits ≤64 GB. The line steps up to the best Score available at each amount of VRAM; a dot below it is beaten by a model that needs no more memory.

Full ≤64 GB ranking →

Benchmarks

The 6 boards that weigh most in the llmrun Score, of 12 with a result for this model; badges show who ran the test.

  • GPQA Diamond

    Epoch AI · Sep 2024Independent

    49.1%

    #56/100 open

    Independent
  • LMArena Text

    LMArena · Oct 2026Arena

    1302.9

    #107/188 open

    Arena
  • AIME 2024/2025

    Epoch AI · Sep 2024Independent

    8.1%

    #62/88 open

    Independent
  • MMLU-Pro

    TIGER-LabIndependent

    71.6%

    #35/146 open

    Independent
  • MATH Level 5

    Epoch AI · Sep 2024Independent

    63.2%

    #11/39 open

    Independent
  • MMLU

    Epoch AI · Sep 2024Lab-reported

    85.3%

    #3/85 open

    Lab-reported

In the ≤64 GB class

51 models fit ≤64 GB

Same Score, only models that fit ≤64 GB at their best quant: the ranking a ≤64 GB owner actually chooses from.

  1. #1

    122.0

    ~56 tok/s · 17.9 GB

  2. #2

    111.2

    ~56 tok/s · 17.9 GB

  3. #3

    109.4

    ~62 tok/s · 63.0 GB

  4. #4

    106.8

    ~91 tok/s · 22.0 GB

  5. #5

    106.7

    ~48 tok/s · 21.7 GB

  6. #6

    105.8

    ~114 tok/s · 16.5 GB

Alternatives to Qwen2.5 72B Instruct

Qwen 2.5 family · 44 models →

Official models with an llmrun Score, each answering one question; numbers are at the best quant that fits a 24 GB GPU.

Similar models

10
ModelScoreVRAMtok/sWhy it is similar
Qwen3.5 122B A10BAlibaba109.475.5 GB—needs > 24 GBsimilar score
GLM 4.5 AirZ.ai98.667.6 GB—needs > 24 GBsimilar score
GPT OSS 120BOpenAI97.570.8 GB—needs > 24 GBsimilar score
NVIDIA Nemotron 3 Super 120B A12B BF16NVIDIA95.874.7 GB—needs > 24 GBsimilar score
Phi 4Microsoft83.912.5 GB~69similar score
Mistral Large Instruct 2411Mistral AI82.579.8 GB—needs > 24 GBsimilar score
Llama 4 Scout 17B 16E InstructMeta82.177 GB—needs > 24 GBsimilar score
Mistral Large Instruct 2407Mistral AI81.786.4 GB—needs > 24 GBsimilar score
C4ai Command A 03 2025Cohere79.878.7 GB—needs > 24 GBsimilar score
Gemma 3 27B ITGoogle79.421.7 GB~36similar score
Fine-tunes & variants(3)

Specifications

Publisher
Alibaba
Family
Qwen 2.5
Parameters
72.7B
Architecture
Qwen2ForCausalLM
Context Length
32,768 tokens
Vocabulary Size
152,064
Release Date
2024-09-16
License
Other

Frequently Asked Questions

How much VRAM does Qwen2.5 72B Instruct need?

Qwen2.5 72B Instruct requires 44.6 GB of VRAM at Q4_K_M, or 146.4 GB at BF16. Full 33K context adds up to 10.1 GB (54.7 GB total).

VRAM = Weights + KV Cache + Overhead

Weights = 72.7B × 4.8 bits ÷ 8 = 43.6 GB

KV Cache + Overhead ≈ 1 GB (at 2K context + ~0.3 GB framework)

Fit ratings and hardware model lists check this model with room for a 16K-token context, which needs a little more memory.

KV Cache + Overhead ≈ 11.1 GB (at full 33K context)

VRAM usage by quantization

44.6 GB
54.7 GB

Learn more about VRAM estimation →

Can NVIDIA GeForce RTX 4090 run Qwen2.5 72B Instruct?

Yes, at IQ2_S (23.7 GB) or lower. Higher quantizations like IQ2_M (25.5 GB) exceed the NVIDIA GeForce RTX 4090's 24 GB.

What's the best quantization for Qwen2.5 72B Instruct?

For Qwen2.5 72B Instruct, Q4_K_M (44.6 GB) offers the best balance of quality and VRAM usage. Q5_0 (46.4 GB) provides better quality if you have the VRAM. The smallest option is IQ2_XXS at 21.0 GB.

VRAM requirement by quantization

IQ2_XXS
21.0 GB
IQ3_XS
31.0 GB
Q4_0
37.3 GB
Q4_K_M ★
44.6 GB
Q5_0
46.4 GB
BF16
146.4 GB

★ Recommended — best balance of quality and VRAM usage.

Learn more about quantization →

Can I run Qwen2.5 72B Instruct on a Mac?

Yes — Mac Studio M1 Max (32 GB) and 84 other Macs can run Qwen2.5 72B Instruct, the smallest at IQ2_S. Apple Silicon uses unified memory, so the model shares RAM with the system. At Q4_K_M you need at least 44.6 GB of usable unified memory (RAM minus macOS overhead), from Mac Pro M2 Ultra (64 GB).

Can I run Qwen2.5 72B Instruct locally?

Yes — Qwen2.5 72B Instruct can run locally on consumer hardware. Popular tools include Ollama, LM Studio, and llama.cpp.

How fast is Qwen2.5 72B Instruct?

At Q4_K_M, Qwen2.5 72B Instruct can reach ~108 tok/s on AMD Instinct MI350X. Speed depends mainly on GPU memory bandwidth. Real-world results typically within ±20%.

tok/s = (bandwidth GB/s ÷ model GB) × efficiency

Example: NVIDIA B200 → 8000 ÷ 44.6 × 0.65 = ~117 tok/s

Estimated speed at Q4_K_M (44.6 GB)

~117 tok/s
~117 tok/s
~108 tok/s

Real-world results typically within ±20%. Speed depends on batch size, quantization kernel, and software stack.

Learn more about tok/s estimation →

What's the download size of Qwen2.5 72B Instruct?

At Q4_K_M, the download is about 43.62 GB. The full-precision BF16 version is 145.41 GB. The smallest option (IQ2_XXS) is 19.99 GB.

Which GPUs can run Qwen2.5 72B Instruct?

No single consumer GPU has enough VRAM to run Qwen2.5 72B Instruct at Q4_K_M (44.6 GB). Multi-GPU or professional hardware is required.

Which devices can run Qwen2.5 72B Instruct?

52 devices with unified memory can run Qwen2.5 72B Instruct at Q4_K_M (44.6 GB), including ASUS Ascent GX10, Beelink GTR9 Pro (Ryzen AI Max+ 395, 128 GB), Framework Desktop (Ryzen AI Max+ 395, 128 GB), GMKtec EVO-X2 (Ryzen AI Max+ 395, 128 GB). Apple Silicon Macs use unified memory shared between CPU and GPU, making them well-suited for local LLM inference.